Sunburn of the skin: symptoms, first aid, treatment. What to do after a sunburn?

Sunbathing does not always bring only pleasure. If a sunburn occurs, emergency measures must be taken.

The sun's rays have enormous benefits for the life of all living organisms on our planet. Due to exposure to UV rays, the human body produces serotine, a substance that has a positive effect on the emotional state, improves mood and vitamin D. The sun's rays dilate blood vessels, improving blood circulation. The skin on the body is evened out, acne disappears, wounds heal.

Despite all the positive qualities of the sun's rays, excessive exposure to the sun or solarium leads to skin inflammation.

Symptoms of sunburn

Sunburn
Signs of a burn appear gradually over 2-6 hours :

• There is a feeling of dry skin, the skin feels tight
• The skin turns red and feels painful when touched
• In case of a severe burn, the burned areas swell and blisters appear
• The temperature is rising
• There is a slight chill

Symptoms

The first symptoms of a sunburn are severe redness, burning, and the slightest touch to the skin becomes painful. The person may soon feel chills or fever. This is explained by a violation of the heat exchange function in the skin. The epidermis rapidly loses moisture, resulting in a feeling of tightness.

It is on the face that sunburn is often accompanied by swelling. There are several reasons for this:

1. Allergy to UV rays. People with sensitive skin and those who suffer from allergic reactions to other substances are especially susceptible to it (read more about sun allergies)
2. Harmful effects of decorative cosmetics. Under the scorching rays of the sun, the components of cosmetic products melt, and in general they can “behave” unpredictably: cause irritation and the same allergies.
3. Ultraviolet radiation can cause deep lesions in the layers of the dermis. Heat provokes the accumulation of fluid in tissues, disruption of blood microcirculation and an increase in capillary permeability. In this case, the liquid begins to seep into the intercellular space.

????The longer a person is exposed to direct sunlight and the more sensitive his skin is to ultraviolet rays, the higher the risk of developing a more serious burn.

Don't ignore:

• severe headache;
• nausea or vomiting;
• dizziness;
• fever;
• chills;
• weakness.

It is worth remembering that the next day, even if all the symptoms of overheating have passed, the redness on the skin has subsided, you should still not go out into the sun. To be comfortable while the skin is recovering, you will have to wear loose clothing made from natural fabrics that will not squeeze the body.

???? Severe sunburn on the face or neck can be very serious. In some cases, they lead to swelling in the larynx and difficulty breathing. If you feel short of breath, immediately call an ambulance.

Treatment after sunburn

Getting rid of sunburn
After providing first aid, we move on to treating burns.

Sunburn Treatment Basics:

• Protecting damaged skin from pollution
• Cooling burned areas of skin to alleviate pain
• We treat the skin with appropriate ointments, creams, vitamin E solution and aloe
• For first-degree burns, avoid exposure to sunlight on the affected skin.
• Lubricate it with moisturizing creams
• For second-degree burns, we use therapeutic procedures. We prevent infection from entering a wound that occurs on the affected area of ​​the body

When treating at home:

• We exclude walks in the sun until the body is completely restored
• Treating damaged areas with special anti-sunburn products
• We take painkillers and antipyretics to reduce pain and fever
• We take vitamin E to speed up skin restoration
• We take at least two liters of fluids per day to avoid dehydration.
• We supplement aloe treatment with ointments containing

Treatment

If a sunburn occurs on your face, you should initially go into the shade, then cover the injured area with a cold, damp cloth to reduce the rate of destruction of epidermal cells.

Medications

If a sunburn occurs on the face, it is necessary to stop contact with the damaging factor, provide first aid and continue medical therapeutic measures:

1. If you have a significant sunburn on your face, you should consult your doctor about what to do. Before visiting a specialist, if you experience severe pain, the drugs “Analgin”, “Ibuprofen”, “Paracetamol” will help;
2. If facial swelling or itching is observed, antihistamines are needed, such as Loratadine, Cetrin, Suprastin;
3. To prevent the occurrence of inflammation and infection, antiseptics are needed; tissues affected by the burn should be treated with Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, Miramistin;
4. Bepanten Plus is recommended as an effective antimicrobial agent; it helps relieve pain and stimulates the rapid regeneration of injured tissues;
5. Minor sunburn of the face, without blistering, is recommended to be treated with Panthenol. It is a popular spray that reduces pain, eliminates redness, inflammation and promotes speedy healing;
6. If a sunburn on the face is accompanied by the formation of blisters or open wounds, Olazol spray is very effective. This product has a complex action: antibacterial, analgesic and regenerating;
7. A drug that promotes the healing of radiation injuries is Levomekol. Combined drug with complex action. Thanks to the antibiotic included in the composition, it has antibacterial properties. Additional components prevent inflammation and actively accelerate the recovery of injured tissue.
8. Treatment of sunburn on the face at home can be carried out with Miramistin ointment. The drug has an antimicrobial effect, protects the injured area from fungal infections, and activates the regeneration properties of the skin.

Folk remedies

Treatment of sunburn on the face at home based on alternative medicine recipes can be effectively used in conjunction with pharmaceutical medications:

• A compress of calendula flowers helps reduce pain and soothe inflamed skin. To do this, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tbsp. plants, let the broth brew for 20 minutes. Use the solution 3-4 times a day for compresses.
• Treatment of sunburn on the face is effective using chamomile, especially if blisters appear on the face after an injury. Soak cotton pads with a decoction (1 tablespoon per 200 ml of water) and apply to the damaged area.
• Cucumber will quickly and effectively cope with problematic symptoms and help relieve sunburn. The pulp of this vegetable should be grated on a fine grater, distributed evenly over the injured area, and covered with a sterile bandage for 20-30 minutes.
• Sauerkraut has anti-inflammatory properties and promotes regeneration. Distribute cold sauerkraut over damaged tissues, apply 3-4 times a day.

How to treat sunburn with folk remedies?

Preventing sunburn
Folk remedies for getting rid of sunburn :

• Place grated raw or boiled potatoes on gauze and apply compresses to sore spots.
• Making lotions from starch dissolved in water
• Apply chilled sour cream or kefir
• Making a compress from frozen cottage cheese
• Apply sour cream with the addition of soaked oatmeal
• Apply chilled egg white
• Apply cabbage leaf
• Lubricate the burns with aloe juice, cucumber or parsley infusion
• Add a little chamomile essential oil to water and wet the skin
• Apply wheat germ oil
• Cool the skin with chamomile and lavender compresses
• You can use a compress from an infusion of chilled tea

All these remedies can be used alternately, once every two to three hours. We start with cooling compresses, then apply the rest of the masks and ointments.

For severe burns, it is recommended to take vitamins D and C.

How to treat the consequences of a facial burn

If everything worked out well and the state of shock has passed you, but the result is just irritation on your face, then after a few days the skin begins to peel off, because you managed to get a sunburn on your face. What to do next to make your face beautiful, smooth and fresh again?

• Use sprays, ointments and gels that contain panthenol. D-panthenol spray, which has wound-healing properties, is better suited for the face.
• Masks made from some natural products can be a real salvation. You can use sauerkraut, cucumber, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots and apples to prepare them. They are easy to make – puree the raw product and apply it to your face. A mask made from our usual kefir is also effective - just spread it on your face, but do not allow the product to dry completely on your face.
• Apply softening masks. Boil a pumpkin or an apple in milk, add a few drops of vegetable oil - this excellent mask will relieve irritation and quickly normalize the epidermis.

All ways to treat sunburn on the face are presented for informational purposes. Choose carefully and monitor your condition, pay attention not only to your face, but also to the general condition of your body.

But it is best to take care of the prevention of burns so that they do not have to be treated later. Do not stay in the sun for a long time, pre-lubricate your skin with SPF protective agents and special after-sun products that contain chamomile, Aloe Vera extract, calendula or vitamin E.

Ointment for burns

For complete treatment, we use appropriate ointments. The choice is very large, depending on the price category and the nature of the action.

Let's look at the most effective and popular ones:

Ointment for sun burns

• Panthenol is a relatively inexpensive drug. Very effective and harmless. Pantothenic acid included in the composition easily and quickly promotes skin regeneration

Ointments for burns

• Bepanthen is a good anesthetizer and infects the burn surface. The skin acquires a healthy appearance with great speed and efficiency.
• Aloe gel - has an immediate analgesic effect, has antibacterial agents, and perfectly regenerates the skin after a sunburn.
• Solcoseryl - promotes the metabolic process in the burned area, restores the skin well.
• Rescue balm - regenerates small lesions, eliminates redness and itching.

What not to do?

Some manipulations not only will not bring you relief, they can make things even worse. If you have been burned by UV radiation, do not:

1. wash wounds with soap or any alkaline means;
2. A sunburn cannot be treated with ice. This measure may bring some relief, but then it causes the death of the epithelium and increases the healing time of the injury;
3. rub with a washcloth, scrub, towel;
4. apply Vaseline or any oily products that seal the pores;
5. Also, you should not disinfect the skin with alcohol - it not only irritates the skin, but also draws moisture out of it. Meanwhile, the skin after a sunburn already suffers greatly from dehydration;
6. open, crush blisters, pierce them with needles;
7. consume caffeine, alcoholic products, including making alcohol compresses.

And remember, if you have blisters over a large area of ​​your skin, are experiencing fever, chills and confusion, you should contact your doctor for medical help.

Sunburn Remedy

remedy for sunburn
List of remedies for sunburn:

• Anti-allergenic
• Steroid containing
• Local anesthetic
• Antiseptics
• Despantheol
• Healing

All remedies are aimed at relieving the symptoms of sunburn. Before using any drug, read the instructions. A spray is more convenient to use than an ointment. Can be used alternately. Panthenol spray is considered the most popular .

When to see a doctor?

At the first signs of skin infection, it is recommended to immediately seek qualified help. It is necessary to consult a doctor if a sunburn on the face is accompanied by the following factors:

• With enlarged lymph nodes;
• If there are blisters or pus at the site of injury;
• When severe damage to the epidermis occurs;
• If the damage covers 50% of the body;
• When white stripes form at the site of injury, diverging on different sides;
• With a sharp increase in body temperature, severe headaches, blurred vision.

The child got sunburned

child sunburned
Children's skin under three years of age is very sensitive and cannot yet produce the required amount of protective pigment - melanin. It is especially susceptible to strong UV rays and sunburn.

A child can get burned in five to ten minutes.

protective agent for children against sunburn.
General symptoms of burns in children are the same as in adults. The child's general condition worsens and his appetite disappears. The baby is capricious and cannot sleep.

If minor signs of burns appear, in the form of slight redness . The child feels fine. This can be dealt with at home.

• We use cool green tea lotions. Lubricate with yogurt or kefir
• We use baths with a decoction of mint and chamomile
• Apply cabbage leaves to problem areas
• Grate fresh cucumber and apply to painful areas
• We use a pharmaceutical remedy for burns for children
• At fever, reduce with paracetamol
• After a burn, the child should wear loose clothing
• Until the redness goes away, we don’t walk outside with the child.
• Do not cover yourself with a warm blanket while sleeping
• Give plenty of cool drinks
• After two or three days, the baby’s skin will begin to peel—the healing process has begun. We lubricate the child’s body with nourishing creams

Important: If your child has a high fever. Vomiting began. Blisters appear on the skin - call a doctor immediately.

With proper tanning, sun means health

How long do sunburns last for varying degrees of severity and under different conditions?

Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can negatively affect the condition of the skin. Sunburn does not appear immediately, so it is not always possible to provide first aid. Minor redness of the skin can turn into serious swelling with fluid-filled blisters after a few hours.

To prevent this situation, you should definitely use high-quality sunscreen cosmetics and avoid prolonged contact with ultraviolet rays.

What are the dangers of sunburn for human skin?

Aggressive ultraviolet rays not only negatively affect the skin, but also penetrate through the blood to important organs and systems, disrupting their stable functioning.

Most people dream of beautiful tanned skin, so they use every opportunity to achieve the desired result. A tan is actually a burn to the skin. Thus, the epidermis is protected from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation by producing melanin. This substance is responsible for the brown color of the skin. The greater the impact, the darker the skin becomes.

In addition, there are cases when the skin does not have time to protect itself from the sun’s rays and gets burned. Instead of a beautiful tan, redness, swelling, blisters with liquid, and open wounds appear. In some cases, malignant tumors may develop.

Sunscreen cosmetics help the skin to protect itself in time, adapt to the sun's rays and get a beautiful, even tan.

Symptoms of sunburn

Main symptoms of sunburn:

• Redness on the skin is the first symptom of a thermal burn.
• Sunburn does not appear immediately, but after a few hours the redness turns into swelling with blisters. If you provide first aid in time, you can stop the inflammatory process.
• If the burn is not treated, the blisters gradually begin to peel off in pieces, leaving open wounds.
• Infection of the body manifests itself in the form of suppuration of open wounds.
• In addition, general health worsens, because sunburn is often accompanied by sunstroke. Negative symptoms appear from all important systems, for example, headache, nausea, increased body temperature and heartbeat.

How long does it take for burns of varying severity to heal?

How long does a sunburn last and how long does it take to heal? It all depends on the characteristics of the skin, the human body, the stage of sunburn and the effectiveness of treatment.

If you provide first aid in time, you can stop the inflammatory process and avoid the development of the last stage of the burn.

Light redness goes away already on the second day if you use special preparations for burns. Skin with fluid-filled blisters heals within one or two weeks. Burns with open wounds require long-term treatment. The skin is completely restored in two to three weeks.

First aid for sunburn

If the first symptoms of sunburn appear, you should immediately begin the following actions:

• First of all, you need to protect the affected areas from direct sunlight. You can move to the shade or cool room. The main thing is to stop the effect of sunlight on the skin.
• To relieve redness and swelling, apply a cold compress to the affected skin. The most important thing is to renew the compress every 2 minutes, because the skin tends to quickly adapt to new conditions.
• Ideally, a product designed to treat burns, such as panthenol, should be applied to the affected skin. Specialized medications will quickly eliminate all unpleasant symptoms and save the affected skin from peeling. Therefore, in your first aid kit you need to have universal remedies for burns of various types, especially when there are children in the house.
• If your general health deteriorates, medications are taken orally, for example, to normalize temperature or blood pressure.
• When open wounds appear on the skin, apply antibacterial agents to avoid infection of the body, and be sure to consult a doctor.

Only minor burns can be treated at home on your own. Skin lesions of the third or fourth degree should be treated only under medical supervision.

How to apply sunburn on skin

First aid for thermal burns includes the use of medications or folk remedies that relieve pain, swelling, stop the inflammatory process and prevent skin infection. Next, we will consider effective folk methods and medications for burns.

Medicines from the pharmacy

The pharmacy offers a wide range of products that can eliminate all the negative symptoms of sunburn.

Effective medications for sunburn:

• When the first signs of sunburn appear, namely redness and swelling, it is recommended to apply Panthenol to the affected area. This drug quickly relieves discomfort, swelling, and prevents the development of blisters and cracks. Already on the second day it is possible to restore the skin after a mild burn.
• Bepanten. The product not only relieves pain, but also prevents the penetration of pathogenic bacteria. Can be used in the presence of bubbles and cracks to accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissue.
• Diclofenac. At the same time it eliminates pain and swelling, and also prevents the development of blisters.
• Dermazin. The drug is recommended for the treatment of open wounds and cracks that are formed as a result of rupture of bubbles with liquid. The product prevents the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the depths of the epidermis and accelerates the restoration of affected cells.
• Menthol gels for cooling and pain relief.

Also interesting: Heat stroke, symptoms and treatment in adults

If there are open wounds or cracks, be sure to use antiseptic drugs, and then apply antibacterial and regenerating ointments.

When is the best time to seek help from a doctor?

In the case of a severe burn, when bubbles with liquid, cracks, open wounds, bleeding and pus are observed, and deterioration in general health, it is recommended to immediately consult a dermatologist and therapist. The specialist will make the correct diagnosis and select effective treatment, taking into account the health status of the individual patient.

What not to do

If you experience symptoms of sunburn, do not do the following:

• Treat affected skin with alcohol-containing products. This also includes drugs with aggressive chemical compounds of unknown origin.
• Puncture bubbles with liquid with sharp objects.
• Go out into the sun with exposed affected skin.
• Use traditional methods to treat cracks and open wounds.
• Take medications without your doctor's permission.
• Take a cold bath or apply bare ice to the affected areas of the skin.
• Peel off burned skin.
• Use hard washcloths or body scrubs.
• Treat affected areas with vegetable oils.

Prevention

To avoid sunburn, you should follow these tips:

• Be sure to apply sunscreen to exposed parts of your body a few minutes before going outside.
• You need to choose sunscreens based on your skin type and time of year. Different skin sensitivities require different degrees of protection. For example, hypersensitive skin in the summer should be protected with products with filters from 50 to 100.
• When going outside, you need to protect exposed skin not only with cosmetics, but also with clothes, hats and sunglasses.
• Sunbathe only in the morning or afternoon, using sunscreen cosmetics.

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Source: https://zagarplus.ru/health/kak-dolgo-prohodyat-solnechnye-ozhogi

How to tan properly?

To reap the benefits of sunbathing, you need to tan properly. Read the tips on how to do this correctly in the article How to tan properly? 10 rules for a beautiful and even tan

tanning correctly

Be vigilant and avoid careless sunbathing procedures. And then you won’t have to apply the tips suggested in this article.

Prevention methods

To prevent the development of sunburn on the face, we recommend following preventive measures:

• Try to limit your time outdoors, especially in direct sunlight, from about 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. If you are not sure whether it is safe to be outside at the moment, you can use a little folk trick: look at your shadow - if the shadow is smaller than your height, the sun is still dangerous.
• If it is impossible to avoid appearing on the street at this time, before going out, you need to take a number of protective measures: wear closed clothes and a hat. Also, dark sunglasses are a good idea.
• If you have pale skin, try not to be in direct sunlight - use umbrellas or sunbathe in the shade, no matter how strange it may sound.
• Remember that water tans much faster - remember this when you are on the beach.

First aid

Many people mistakenly confuse a sunburn with a thermal burn. In this case, damage to the skin is caused to a greater extent not by high temperature, but by ultraviolet radiation. And disturbances are observed not only on the surface of the skin, but also in its deeper layers, accompanied by dehydration.

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First aid measures for a sunburned face include the following steps:

Cool the epidermis in the burn area

Products used for these purposes should not be icy. It is best to wash your face with cool water, or apply napkins (towels) or tea bags soaked in it to your skin.

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Provide hydration

A sufficient amount of moisture during a sunburn is necessary for the affected skin locally and for the body as a whole. Otherwise, dehydration and increased inflammation occur.

For these purposes, apply a moisturizer to the damaged area of ​​the face and take a large amount of liquid orally. You should drink as much cool water and still mineral water as possible. Under no circumstances should you drink alcohol, coffee, strong tea, or carbonated drinks.

Treat with an antiseptic

The face at the burn site must be carefully treated with antiseptic preparations. But this is only the case when there are no open wounds or blisters on the skin. Miramistin and Chlorhexidine are used for processing.

Apply ointment

Depending on the degree of damage, either cosmetic products or pharmaceutical preparations for burns are used. Experts recommend paying attention to products containing vitamin “E”, panthenol, aloe vera juice, calendula extract, and chamomile. These components have a healing, anti-inflammatory, regenerating effect, quickly relieve itching and redness. Under no circumstances should you use alcohol-containing or fatty products on your face.

Take a painkiller

To eliminate pain on the skin, as well as to cope with general weakness, it is necessary to take internal medications with an analgesic effect, for example, Aspirin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen. These medications will also help reduce fever.